Palabras clave
maternidad
neo-Victorianismo
Cumbres Borrascosas
Jane Eyre
Cómo citar
Resumen
The present article will try to cover the main considerations regarding the depiction of motherhood in the most culturally reproduced Brontëan novels, namely Charlotte Brontë’s Jane Eyre (1847), Emily Brontë’s Wuthering Heights (1847) and – to a lesser extent – Anne Brontë’s The Tenant of Wildfell Hall (1848) and Charlotte Brontë’s Villette (1853), alongside some of their rewritings and adaptations. Special attention will be given to Wuthering Heights and its cultural reproductions due to its potential to delve into generational traumas and physically absent matrilineal bonds as well as due to its influence in popular memory through adaptation – be they faithful or “classic” adaptations of the novel or those imaginings that use a characteristically Brontëan language to deal with some of the issues present in the aforementioned narrative. Thus, the main aim of this discussion is to trace the affective potential of the mother–daughter bond in the Brontëan narratives so as to provide a framework of reference from which to explore how neo-Victorian fiction – in this case, Jean Rhys’s Wide Sargasso Sea (1966), Michael Stewart’s Ill Will: The Untold Story of Heathcliff (2018), William Oldroyd’s Lady Macbeth (2016) and Kristoffer Nyholm and Anders Engström’s television series Taboo (2017) – has re-imagined these relationships and their affective legacy in cultural memory.
Citas
ABATE, Corinne S. and Elizabeth Mazzola. 2017. “Introduction: Indistinguished Space.” In Privacy, Domesticity, and Women in Early Modern England, ed. Corinne S. Abate, 1-18. Abingdon and New York: Routledge.
ABLOW, Rachel. 2012. “Victorian Feelings.” In The Cambridge Companion to the Victo-rian Novel, ed. David Deirdre, 193–210. Cambridge: Cambridge UP.
AHMED, Sara. 2006. Queer Phenomenology: Orientations, Objects, Others. Durham: Duke UP.
ARIAS, Rosario and Patricia Pulham. 2010. “Introduction.” In Haunting and Spectrality in Neo-Victorian Fiction: Possessing the Past, ed. Rosario Arias and Patricia Pulham, xi–xxvi. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
ARMSTRONG, Nancy. 2012. “When Gender Meets Sexuality in the Victorian Novel.” In The Cambridge Companion to the Victorian Novel, ed. David Deirdre, 170–92. Cambridge: Cambridge UP.
AUERBACH, Amanda. 2020. “Affective Transmission and the Invention of Characters in the Victorian Bildungsroman.” Victorian Literature and Culture 48 (4): 665–91.
AUGHTERSON, Kate. 1995. “Introduction.” In Renaissance Woman: Constructions of Femininity in England, ed. Kate Aughterson, 1–8. London: Routledge.
BARBA GUERRERO, Paula. 2024. “Disaffected Archives: Jacqueline Woodson’s Cruel Attachments in Red at the Bone.” In Unhappy Beginnings: Narratives of Precarity, Failure, and Resistance in North American Texts, ed. Isabel González–Díaz and Fabián Orán–Llarena, 61–73. New York and London: Routledge.
BARKER, Juliet. 1994. The Brontës. London: Abacus.
BARKER, Mike, dir. 1996. The Tenant of Wildfell Hall. London: BBC One.
BARNARD, Robert and Louise Barnard. 2013. A Brontë Encyclopedia. Chichester: Wiley Blackwell.
BELLAMY, Joan. 2005. “The Tenant of Wildfell Hall: What Anne Brontë Knew and What Modern Readers Don’t.” Brontë Studies 30 (3): 255–7.
BERNABEU, Marta. 2021. “Catherine Earnshaw Meets Katherine Lester: Revisioning the Brontë Body by Sustaining the Self in William Oldroyd’s Lady Macbeth (2016).” Brontë Studies: The Journal of the Brontë Society 46 (2): 197–209.
–––. 2023. “Redeeming Lady Macbeth: Gender and Religion in Justin Kurzel’s Macbeth (2015).” Critical Survey 35 (2): 63–79.
–––. 2025. “Encountering Heathcliff and the Madwoman in the Attic in Taboo (2017–).” English Studies, forthcoming.
BERRY, Laura C. 1996. “Acts of Custody and Incarceration in Wuthering Heights and The Tenant of Wildfell Hall.” NOVEL: A Forum on Fiction 30 (1): 32–55.
BERTRANDIAS, Bernadette. 2001. “Villette and the Poetics of the Haunted Self.” Brontë Society Transactions 26 (2): 129–38.
BORHAM–PUYAL, Miriam. 2020. “Between Vulnerability and Resilience: Exploring Motherhood in Emma Donoghue’s Room.” In Glocal Narratives of Resilience, ed. Ana Ma-ría Fraile-Marcos, 73–88. New York and London: Routledge.
BRONTË, Anne. 2001 (1848). The Tenant of Wildfell Hall. Ware: Wordsworth Classics.
BRONTË, Charlotte. 1993 (1853). Villette. Ware: Wordsworth.
–––. Jane Eyre. 2012 (1847). London: Penguin.
BRONTË, Emily. 2000 (1847). Wuthering Heights. Ware: Wordsworth Classics.
BURROWS, Victoria. 2004. Whiteness and Trauma: The Mother-Daughter Knot in the Fiction of Jean Rhys, Jamaica Kincaid, and Toni Morrison. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
BURY, Hannah. 2021. “Stretched Nerves and Suffering Minds: The Isolating Effects of Female Madness in Villette.” Brontë Studies: The Journal of the Brontë Society 46 (2): 159–71.
CAINE, Jeffrey. 1977. Heathcliff. New York: Fawcett Crest.
COX, Jessica. 2015. “The Nineteenth-Century Motherhood Trap: Working Mothers in the Victorian Literary Marketplace.” Journal of Victorian Culture Online, 23 October. https://jvc.oup.com/2015/10/23/jessica-cox-the-nineteenth-century-motherhood-trap-working-mothers-in-the-victorian-literary-marketplace/ (Last access: 16 June 2024).
DEFANT, Ivonne. 2017. “Inhabiting Nature in Emily Brontë’s Wuthering Heights.” Brontë Studies: The Journal of the Brontë Society 42 (1): 37–47.
DUIGAN, John, dir. Wide Sargasso Sea. Burbank: New Line Cinema.
FEDERICI, Silvia. 2004. Caliban and the Witch: Women, the Body and Primitive Accumu-lation. New York: Autonomedia.
GIEDROYC, Coky, dir. 2009. Wuthering Heights. London: ITV.
GILBERT, Sandra M. and Susan Gubar. 2000 (1979). The Madwoman in the Attic: The Woman Writer and the Nineteenth–Century Literary Imagination. New Haven and London: Yale UP.
GRIGGS, Yvonne. 2016. The Bloomsbury Introduction to Adaptation Studies: Adapting the Canon in Film, TV, Novels and Popular Culture. London: Bloomsbury Academic.
HAIRE-SARGEANT, Lin. 1992. The Story of Heathcliff’s Journey Back to Wuthering Heights. New York: Pocket Books.
HEILMANN, Ann and Mark Llewellyn. 2010. Neo–Victorianism: The Victorians in the Twenty–First Century, 1999–2009. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
HIRSCH, Marianne. 1989. The Mother/Daughter Plot: Narrative, Psychoanalysis, Femi-nism. Bloomington: Indiana UP.
JANKOWSKI, Theodora. 1992. Women in Power in Early Modern Drama. Urbana-Champaign: University of Illinois Press.
KEEBLE, N. H. 1994. The Cultural Identity of Seventeenth–Century Woman: A Reader. London: Routledge.
L’ESTRANGE, Anna. 1978. Return to Wuthering Heights. London: Corgi Adult.
MAHER, Brendan, dir. 2006. Wide Sargasso Sea. London: BBC Four.
MARSH, Kelly A. 2004. “Jane Eyre and the Pursuit of the Mother’s Pleasure.” South Atlantic Review 69 (3/4): 81–106.
MCROBBIE, Angela. 2013. “Feminism, the Family and the New ‘Mediated’ Maternalism.” New Formations: A Journal of Culture/Theory/Politics (80–81): 119–37.
MEYER, Susan. 2003. “‘Your Father Was Emperor of China, and Your Mother an Indian Queen’: Reverse Imperialism in Wuthering Heights.” In Wuthering Heights: Complete, Authoritative Text with Biographical, Historical, and Cultural Contexts, Critical History, and Essays from Contemporary Critical Perspectives, ed. Linda H. Peterson, 480–502. New York: St. Martin’s.
MULLER, Nadine. 2010. “Not My Mother’s Daughter: Matrilinealism, Third–wave Femi-nism and Neo–Victorian Fiction.” Neo-Victorian Studies 2 (2): 109–36.
NYHOLM, Kristoffer and Anders Engström, dirs. 2017. Taboo. London: Scott Free Produc-tions and Hardy, Son & Baker.
OLDROYD, William, dir. 2016. Lady Macbeth. London: Sixty Six Pictures.
PADDOCK, Lisa Olson and Carl Edmund Rollyson. 2003. The Brontës A to Z: The Essen-tial Reference to Their Lives and Work. New York: Facts on File.
PEDRO MUSTIELES, Leopoldina. 2023. Deconstructing Gendered and Colonial Violence in the Re-imagined Nineteenth Century: Domestic Traumas in Neo-Victorianism on Screen. PhD Thesis, U. de València.
POORE, Benjamin. 2017. “Hunger, Rebellion and Rage: Adapting Villette.” Charlotte Brontë: Legacies and Afterlives, ed. Amber K. Regis and Deborah Wynne, 182–96. Man-chester: Manchester UP.
RHYS, Jean. 1997 (1966). Wide Sargasso Sea. London: Penguin.
RICH, Adrienne. 1979. On Lies, Secrets, and Silence: Selected Prose, 1966–1978. New York: Norton.
–––. 1994 (1979). Blood, Bread, and Poetry: Selected Prose, 1979-1988. New York: Nor-ton.
RUSSELL-BROWN, Sheelagh. 2012. “Mothers and Molls: Re-imagining the Dickensian Maternal in Charles Palliser’s The Quincunx.” Neo-Victorian Studies 5 (2): 129–51.
SHACHAR, Hila. 2012. Cultural Afterlives and Screen Adaptations of Classic Literature: Wuthering Heights and Company. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
SHILLER, Dana. 1997. “The Redemptive Past in the Neo-Victorian Novel.” Studies in the Novel 3 (4): 538–60.
STEWART, Michael. 2018. Ill Will: The Untold Story of Heathcliff. New York and London: HarperCollins.
STONEMAN, Patsy. 2018 (1996). Brontë Transformations: The Cultural Dissemination of Jane Eyre and Wuthering Heights. 2nd Expanded Edition. Brighton: Edward Everett Root.
TENNHOLT, Karolina. 2005. “Patriarchal Madness: Patriarchal Oppression and Madness in Jean Rhys’s Wide Sargasso Sea.” C-Essay, Södertörn University College.
TISJKOFF, Doris. 2006. Madonna/Whore: The Myth of the Two Marys. Bloomington: AuthorHouse.
TORGERSON, Beth. 2005. Reading the Brontë Body: Disease, Desire, and the Constraints of Culture. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
WELLDON, Estela V. 1992. Mother, Madonna, Whore: The Idealization and Denigration of Motherhood. London: Karnac.
WHEATCROFT, John. 1983. Catherine, Her Book. London: Cornwall Editions Limited.
